Different Types of Autism and Their Symptoms

different types of autism and their symptoms

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that encompasses several subtypes. Each subtype has distinct characteristics and symptoms that contribute to the diverse nature of autism. The different types of autism include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), autistic disorder (classic autism), Asperger’s syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), and Rett syndrome.

different forms of autism

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term that encompasses a range of neurodevelopmental conditions mainly characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, autism (ASD) affects approximately 1 in 36 children. The severity of symptoms can vary widely among individuals with ASD, leading to the classification of different subtypes.

Autistic Disorder (Classic Autism)

Autistic disorder, also known as classic autism, is one of the most common subtypes of ASD. It is typically diagnosed before the age of 3 and affects boys more than girls. Children with autistic disorder may have difficulty with social interactions, communication, and repetitive behaviors. They may struggle to understand and respond to nonverbal cues, have limited eye contact, and exhibit repetitive movements or fixations on specific objects or topics.

Asperger's Syndrome

Asperger’s syndrome is another subtype of ASD that is often diagnosed later than autistic disorder. Individuals with Asperger’s syndrome usually have normal to above-average intelligence but may struggle with social skills and communication challenges. They may have difficulty understanding social cues, maintaining conversations, and forming meaningful relationships. Individuals with Asperger’s syndrome may also exhibit restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and intense interests in specific topics or subjects ABA therapy services can help address these challenges by improving social skills, communication abilities, and adaptive behaviors.

Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) falls under the autism spectrum and is used when a child shows some, but not all, characteristics of autistic disorder or Asperger’s syndrome. Children with PDD-NOS may have milder symptoms that do not meet the criteria for another subtype. They may experience challenges in social interactions, communication, and exhibit restricted, repetitive behaviors. The diagnosis of PDD-NOS may occur when a child’s symptoms are not as clearly defined as in other subtypes.

autism symptoms

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)

Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) is a rare subtype of ASD characterized by typical development for at least 2 years followed by a significant loss of previously acquired skills. These skills may include language, social interactions, and motor abilities. The regression typically occurs between the ages of 2 and 10 and leads to significant impairments in multiple areas of functioning.

Rett Syndrome

Rett syndrome is a genetic disorder that predominantly affects females. It is characterized by a loss of purposeful hand skills, slowed growth, and a decline in social engagement and communication abilities. Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene and has distinct features that differentiate it from other subtypes of ASD.
Understanding the different types of autism is essential for parents, caregivers, and professionals involved in supporting individuals with autism. Each subtype presents unique challenges and strengths, and tailored approaches are necessary to meet the specific needs of individuals with autism. By recognizing the diversity within the autism.

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