Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental condition that affects how a person processes information, interacts with others, and experiences the world around them. While autism itself doesn’t worsen over time, stress and burnout can significantly impact the way an autistic individual experiences their symptoms.
Can Autism Get Worse With Stress?
No, autism itself doesn’t get worse with stress. However, stress can significantly exacerbate the challenges faced by autistic individuals, and in extreme cases, even contribute to autistic burnout. This makes it important for us to understand this issue, especially given that ASD affects an estimated 2.2% of adults, and that’s only in the US.
Here’s a deeper dive into how stress can impact autism symptoms:
- Sensory overload: Autistic people often experience heightened sensory sensitivities. Stress can intensify these sensitivities, making everyday sights, sounds, smells, or textures overwhelming and potentially triggering meltdowns. Imagine flickering fluorescent lights that might be mildly annoying to someone typically wired, becoming unbearable for someone with autism under stress.
- Communication breakdowns: Stress can make communication even more difficult for autistic individuals. They may struggle to find the words to express themselves clearly or become overwhelmed by social situations, leading to withdrawal or frustration. This can be particularly challenging considering the high rates of anxiety disorders in autistic adults, potentially stemming from social rejection or masking their autistic traits.
- Increased anxiety and emotional dysregulation: Autistic nervous systems are often more sensitive to stress, making them more prone to anxiety. This can manifest as difficulty managing emotions, leading to meltdowns, irritability, or even suicidal thoughts in severe cases. Studies have shown a significantly higher suicide risk among autistic adults compared to the general population.
Loss of independence: Chronic stress can lead to autistic burnout, a state of exhaustion and difficulty coping with daily life. Burnout can erode the ability to maintain independence, as autistic adults who spend all their energy masking and performing at work become too drained to manage basic needs at home.
Stress and Other Things That Can Make Autism Worse
While stress is a major factor, many other things can exacerbate autism symptoms. These can be broadly categorized into environmental, sensory, and social challenges.
- Too Much Sensory Input: Autistic individuals often experience sensory overload due to heightened sensitivity to sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touch. Overstimulating environments with bright lights, loud noises, or strong smells can lead to increased agitation, anxiety, or withdrawal. Creating a sensory-friendly environment by identifying triggers and providing calming outlets can significantly improve an autistic person’s experience.
- Changes in Routine: People with autism thrive on predictability and consistency. Sudden disruptions to their routine, like a new school year or a family vacation, can be highly stressful and lead to difficulties. When possible, introducing changes gradually and providing visual schedules or reminders can help autistic individuals adapt more easily.
- Social Expectations and Pressure: Social interactions can be complex and challenging for autistic individuals. Difficulties with eye contact, conversation skills, or understanding social cues can lead to feelings of isolation and worsen autism symptoms. Social skills training programs can equip autistic individuals with the tools to navigate social situations more confidently.
- Social Isolation: Social isolation can have a significant negative impact on mental health. People with autism may struggle to connect with others, leading to depression, anxiety, and other challenges. Encouraging participation in activities or clubs related to their interests can help autistic individuals build connections and friendships.
- Harsh Discipline Strategies: Punitive discipline approaches can be counterproductive for autistic individuals who may not understand the reasons for punishment. This can lead to frustration, defiance, and meltdowns. Effective discipline for autism focuses on positive reinforcement, clear expectations, and addressing the underlying causes of challenging behaviors.
- Experiencing Emotional Stress: Emotional regulation can be difficult for many autistic individuals. They may experience intense emotions like fear, anger, or frustration, leading to outbursts. Creating a supportive environment and teaching coping mechanisms like deep breathing exercises or sensory activities can help manage emotional stress.
- Masking Symptoms: Some autistic individuals feel pressured to mask their symptoms in social situations. This constant effort to conform to neurotypical expectations can lead to increased anxiety and depression. Acceptance and a supportive environment are crucial for autistic individuals to feel comfortable being themselves.
- Suppressing Stimming Behaviors: Stimming, such as repetitive movements or vocalizations, is a common way for autistic individuals to self-regulate and cope with sensory input. Suppressing stimming can lead to increased anxiety, the development of more disruptive stims, and withdrawal. Understanding the function of stimming and providing alternative outlets can be a more effective approach.
Helping Autistic Individuals Manage Their Stress
Beyond the initial disruption caused by stress, chronic stress can lead to a state of autistic burnout. However, it isn’t a permanent state, and there are steps autistic individuals and their support systems can take to manage stress and promote resilience.
- Prioritize Rest, Especially Sleep: Practicing good sleep hygiene is essential. This includes establishing a regular sleep schedule, creating a calming bedtime routine, and making the sleep environment dark, quiet, and cool. While these practices are important for everyone, autistic individuals may need to be even more diligent to achieve the same results.
- Find Social Connection on Your Terms: Social connection is another key factor in managing stress. However, traditional advice on building friendships may not translate well. Instead, explore alternative ways to connect, such as online communities focused on autism. Social media platforms with hashtags like #actuallyautistic can be a valuable resource for finding others who share your experiences.
- Advocate for Accommodations: Ultimately, creating a more accommodating environment can significantly reduce stress for autistic individuals. This can include requesting quiet spaces to work or study, flexible scheduling, or access to alternative lighting. By outlining your specific needs and requesting appropriate accommodations, you can create a more supportive environment that reduces the risk of burnout.
Remember, every autistic person is unique, and their needs will vary. The key is to identify strategies that work best for you and advocate for the support you need to thrive.
Rainbow ABA offers comprehensive ABA therapy programs for children and adults with autism in Texas, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Georgia. We can help you create a personalized treatment plan to address your specific needs and support your autistic loved one on their journey to a fulfilling life.
Contact us today to learn more about our ABA programs and how we can help!
