Key Takeaways
- FCT helps reduce challenging behaviors by teaching appropriate ways to communicate.
Instead of punishing behavior, FCT gives children the tools to express their needs in healthier, more effective ways. - The process begins with identifying the function of the behavior through a Functional Behavior Assessment.
Understanding why a behavior happens is critical to replacing it with meaningful communication. - FCT can be adapted to any communication level—verbal or nonverbal—and is supported by decades of research.
Tools like PECS, gestures, or speech devices can all be part of a successful FCT program.
Functional Communication Training (FCT) is an evidence-based intervention used to help individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities replace challenging behaviors with meaningful, appropriate communication. It’s a cornerstone of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and plays a critical role in improving a child’s ability to express their needs in socially acceptable ways.
At Rainbow ABA Therapy, FCT is one of the tools we use to support our clients in developing independence, confidence, and healthier communication habits.
Understanding Functional Communication Training
Functional Communication Training involves teaching individuals to use communication—verbal or nonverbal—as a replacement for behaviors that serve the same function.
Challenging behaviors often arise because a person is trying to:
Get attention
Escape a task or situation
Gain access to a preferred item or activity
Meet a sensory need
Instead of punishing the behavior, FCT identifies why the behavior is happening and teaches the person a safer, more appropriate way to get the same result.
How Does FCT Work?
1. Conducting a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)
Before FCT can begin, a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) performs a Functional Behavior Assessment to determine the root cause of the behavior. The goal is to understand what the individual is trying to communicate through the behavior.
For example, a child who throws objects during class may be trying to avoid a difficult task. Another child might scream when they want a toy they can’t reach.
2. Identifying a Replacement Communication
Next, the BCBA and therapy team identify an appropriate and effective way for the child to communicate the same need. This could include:
Spoken words or phrases
Sign language
Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
Speech-generating devices
Simple gestures or pointing
The replacement must be just as easy and effective as the original behavior—ideally easier.
3. Reinforcing the New Skill
Once the child begins using the replacement communication, it must be consistently reinforced. That means the communication gets the child what they want (when appropriate), while the old behavior no longer works.
Over time, the child learns that communicating is more effective than using challenging behaviors.
Why Is FCT So Effective?
Functional Communication Training is backed by decades of research and has been shown to significantly reduce problem behaviors when implemented correctly. It works because it’s:
Individualized: Based on each child’s specific needs and abilities
Positive: Focuses on building skills rather than punishing behaviors
Evidence-based: Supported by scientific studies in ABA and behavioral psychology
Flexible: Can be adapted for nonverbal learners, toddlers, or older children
Examples of FCT in Action
Behavior: A child hits others during playtime.
Function: Wants attention.
FCT Strategy: Teach the child to tap an adult or say “play with me.”Behavior: A student screams when asked to complete a worksheet.
Function: Escape from demand.
FCT Strategy: Teach the child to request a break using a card or simple phrase.Behavior: A toddler cries when they want juice.
Function: Access to a preferred item.
FCT Strategy: Teach the child to point to or hand over a picture of juice.
How Rainbow ABA Therapy Uses FCT
At Rainbow ABA Therapy, FCT is a fundamental part of many individualized treatment plans. Our BCBAs work closely with families to:
Conduct detailed behavior assessments
Teach replacement communication skills at home and in therapy
Reinforce skills in natural settings
Track progress and adjust strategies as needed
Our goal is always to empower children with the tools they need to express themselves safely, clearly, and confidently.
Is Functional Communication Training Right for My Child?
If your child engages in challenging behaviors that seem to stem from frustration, lack of language, or unmet needs, FCT may be a highly effective strategy. It’s especially valuable for children with limited verbal communication or who are just learning to express themselves.
A Board Certified Behavior Analyst can help you determine whether FCT should be part of your child’s ABA therapy plan.
Let’s Build Better Communication Together
At Rainbow ABA Therapy, we believe that every child deserves the chance to be heard. Functional Communication Training is one of the many tools we use to unlock meaningful, life-changing communication skills. Contact us today to learn how we can support your child’s growth and development.
FAQs
Can FCT work for nonverbal children?
Yes. FCT is especially helpful for nonverbal children and can involve tools like picture cards, sign language, or communication devices.
How long does it take to see progress with FCT?
Progress depends on the child’s needs, the consistency of implementation, and the severity of the behavior. Some children begin using replacement communication within weeks.
Is FCT only used in therapy sessions?
No. For best results, FCT strategies are practiced across settings—at home, school, and in the community—with parent and caregiver involvement.
